| BRANCH | GROUP |
|
PROVENIENCE | ||||||||
| GERMANIC | East | Gothic 1 | eastern Europe | ||||||||
| North |
Old Norse |
Icelandic Faeroese Norwegian Swedish Danish |
Iceland Faeroe Islands Norway Sweden Denmark |
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| West |
Old High German Middle High German Old Saxon Middle Low German Middle Dutch Middle Flemish Old Frisian Old English Middle English |
German Yiddish Low German Dutch Afrikaans Flemish Frisian English |
Germany, Switzerland,Austria Germany,eastern Europe northern Germany Netherlands South Africa Belgium Netherlands, Germany England |
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| CELTIC | Continental | Gaulish | Gaul | ||||||||
| Goidelic |
Old Irish Middle Irish |
Irish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Manx |
Ireland Scotland Isle of Man |
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| Brythonic |
Old Welsh Middle Welsh Old Cornish Middle Breton |
Welsh Cornish Breton |
Wales Cornwall Brittany |
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| ITALIC | Osco-Umbrian |
Oscan, Sabellian Umbrian |
ancient Italy | ||||||||
| Latinian or Romance 2 |
Venetic,Faliscan Lanuvian, Praenestine Latin |
Old Provençal Old French Middle French |
Portugese Spanish Judeo-Spanish Catalan Provençal French Haitian Creole Italian Rhaeto-Romanic Sardinian Dalmatian Rumanian |
ancient Italy Portugal Spain Mediterranean lands Spain(Catalonia) southern France France,Belgium,Switzerland Haiti Italy, Switzerland Switzerland, Italy Sardinia Adriatic Coast Rumania, Balkans |
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| Uncertain affinities within Indo-European | Ligurian, Messapian, Illyrian, Thracian, Phrygian |
ancient Italy Balkans Asia Minor |
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| Albanian | Albanian | Albania, southern Italy | |||||||||
| Greek or Hellenic | Greek | Greek | Greek | Greece, eastern Mediterranean | |||||||
|
BALTO- SLAVIC |
Baltic |
Old Prussian |
Lithuanian Latvian |
East Prussia Lithuania Latvia |
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|
Old Church Slavonic |
Slovene Serbo-Croatian Macedonian Bulgarian |
Slovenia Sebia, Croatia Macedonia Bulgaria |
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|
Old Czech |
Czech, Slovak Polish,Kashubian Wendish, Polabian |
Czech Republic, Slovakia Poland Germany |
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|
Old Russian |
Russian Ukranian Belorussian |
Russia Ukraine Belorussia |
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| Armenian | Armenian | Armenian | Asia Minor, Caucasus | ||||||||
| Anatolian |
Hittite,Lydian, Lycian,Luwian, Palaic, Hieroglyphic Hittite |
ancient Asia Minor |
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|
INDO- IRANIAN |
|
Old Persian |
Parthian Middle Persian |
Persian Kurdish Baluchi Tajiki |
Persia Iran (Persia) Iran, Iraq, Turkey Iran,West Pakistan central Asia |
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|
Avestan |
Sogdian Khotanese Khwarezmian Bactrian Old Ossetic |
Pashto Ossetic |
ancient Persia central Asia central Asia Afghanistan,West Pakistan Caucusus |
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|
Shina,Khowar, Kafiri,Kashmiri |
upper Indus valley Kashmir |
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|
Sanskrit, Pali Prakrits |
Prakrits |
Lahnda Sindhi Panjabi Rajasthani Gujrati Marathi Konkani Oriya Bengali Assamese Bihari Hindi Urdu Nepali Sinhalese Romany |
India western Punjab Sind Punjab Rjasthan Gujarat western India western India Orissa Bengal Assam Bihar northern India Pakistan, India Nepal Ceylon uncertain |
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| Tocharian |
Tocharian A Tocahrian B |
central Asia |
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Vahid Mokri
Persian linguist, engineer, father and husband."توانا بود هر که دانا بود"